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Class action: a comparative law study In 2014, the concept of group action came into force in France. Group action is defined as the possibility for several victims of identical damage caused by the same company or the same professional to bring a joint action before...

Prosecutor Philippe Courroye was indicted in the highly publicized case of the fadettes, in particular linked to the Bettencourt affair. The charges against him concern the violation of journalistic sources belonging to two reporters from the prestigious publication...

A CENSORED CINEMA POSTER Recently, the original poster for the film “Les Infidèles” was removed. In question, a degrading image that would be given to women. On television, the CSA keeps an eye on the grain. So are we moving more and more towards a climate of...

In January 2020, an important event took place in France: lawyers united to oppose the pension reform project. It is important to specify that the existing pension scheme for lawyers is not a special scheme but rather an autonomous scheme. Mobilization of lawyers...

You may have heard of it: in a decision described by some as "revolutionary", the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) granted, on May 13, about two months ago, a right "to digital oblivion", implying that anyone can obtain the deletion, by a search engine,...

Development of multi-professional financial participation companies (SPFPL) A decisive step has just been taken in the development of a legal framework allowing the grouping of accounting and legal professionals, with the aim of offering clients who so wish a one-stop...

The ceremonies of the septennial ostensions of relics having a cultic character, any public subsidy is illegal under the terms of the law of December 9, 1905 concerning the separation of the Church and the State. This is what the Council of State has just ruled in a...

Removal of the term “  Mademoiselle  ”: In a decision of December 26, 2012, the Council of State validated the Prime Minister's circular of February 21, 2012 which recommended the removal of the term “Mademoiselle” from administrative forms. An association had...

Role of the Constitutional Council the decision taken by the Council on December 29, 2012 raises the question of whether the Elders have sinned by excess of wisdom. While it is important to recognize that the Declaration of Human Rights, in Article 13 , emphasizes...

Following user alerts reported by the press concerning the dissemination of certain messages on Facebook accounts of French users prior to 2009, the National Commission for  Computing  and Liberties ( Cnil ) issued its conclusions on October 2, 2012 . According to the...

What rules of conduct for cyclists? Others     12 Estimated reading time (in minutes)   Are there rules of conduct? We know that the rules of conduct are strict for motorists, but what about cyclists ? Is respect for the highway code the same? Are there any safety...

Stopping reality TV In a recent judgment, the Paris Court of Appeal rendered a significant verdict by overturning the conviction of Alexia Laroche-Joubert's company for parasitism and unfair competition against her former employer , Endemol. This decision spared him a...

Acceptance of payment In a case between a French distributor and a German supplier, the Court of Cassation ruled that a buyer who systematically pays invoices containing the general conditions of sale (CGV) is deemed to have accepted these conditions, even if he did...

Invasion of privacy In a recent case, the Tribunal de grande instance of Paris ruled on the publication of photos showing Valérie Trierweiler, the companion of the President of the Republic, in a bathing suit on the beach at Fort Brégançon. The court, ruling in...

Legal closure of a website the National Council of Bars obtains the closure of a website offering legal advice in  contravention  of legal provisions. CNB:- The hunt for the "pirates" of the Act has begun well. The National Bar Council ( CNB ), which announced last...

In a blow to Apple's legal battle against Samsung, a Tokyo court dismissed Apple's lawsuit accusing Samsung of patent infringement in the Japanese market. The judge concluded that Samsung's products do not appear to use the same technology as Apple's products, thus...

Environmental Planning and Assessment Planning documents play a crucial role in shaping the environment and ensuring sustainable development. In order to minimize their negative impact on the environment, it is necessary to subject these documents to an environmental...

Advertising Controversy On August 24, the Minister of Culture and Communication dismissed the idea of reintroducing evening advertising on France Télévisions channels, contrary to the suggestion made by her Budget counterpart, Jérôme Cahuzac, the previous day. This...

Future negotiations In doing so, he endeavored, during the presentation of the back-to-school programmes, to give guarantees to the Government and in particular to the Minister of Culture and Communication , Aurélie Filippetti.According to him, nothing is more...

The President of the National Bar Council has written to the Keeper of the Seals asking him to kindly extend to lawyers the procedure for verifying the personal data provided to the user.   Inscribed in articles 13-2 and 13-3 of the decree of August 3, 1962, this...

In a judgment of June 21, 2012, the second civil chamber declared that there was no reason to seize the Constitutional Council of the following priority question of constitutionality, transmitted by the Court of Appeal of Reims: "The article 7 of Law No.  91-647 of 10...

Legal dilemma The appeal judges had in fact considered that the two companies should have implemented the technical means at their disposal in order to make it impossible to access the photos or videos already notified and which they store. They have thus exceeded the...

Directive No. 2012/18/EU of July 4, 2012 Directive 2012/18/EU of July 4, 2012 concerning the control of major accident hazards involving hazardous substances has been published. This directive replaces directive no. 96/82/EC of 9 December 1996 known as the “Seveso II...

The Cnil asked, on July 31, 2012, to examine the data kept by the Google engine group, as part of its Street View program. It will be recalled that during checks carried out in 2009 and 2010, the Commission had noted that the company Google was collecting, from its...

Modification of Ecological Bonus Scales: Supporting Clean Vehicle Purchases In a decree issued on July 30, 2012, the scales for the "ecological bonus" were revised to encourage the acquisition of environmentally friendly vehicles starting from August 1, 2012. For...

Today, we can see more and more products on which are inscribed the mentions “organic”, “terroir”, or even “natural”. What are these labels? Can we trust them or is it just marketing?   The “organic” label Organic production is a mode of production that respects...

The general social contribution (CSG), referred to in Article L. 136-1 of the Social Security Code, was instituted by the finance law of 29 December 1990.The CSG is based in particular on income from work and replacement. Persons domiciled in France for the...

Online Services and Copyright Infringement Copyright safeguards The advent of  online communication services  has created new challenges in copyright protection. A significant problem arises when these services systematically direct Internet users to websites...

Uphold previous judgments: follow prescribed guidelines When it comes to  the distribution  of inheritance, it is crucial to comply with any guidelines or instructions set out in previous judgments. If a prior judgment has determined a specific method, such as value...

Introduction: When it comes to depicting court proceedings  in series and movies , the question arises as to how realistic these depictions really are. While they may provide entertainment value   , it is important to consider whether justice can be accurately...

This year, the French elected their new  President  of the Republic. Several candidates hope to be able to present themselves officially. But can everyone be a candidate for the presidential election? Do you have to fulfill certain conditions? OBTAINING “PERSONAL...

The influence of real facts on writing The question of  whether  a writer can draw inspiration from real events is a subject that has long been debated in the field of literature and creative writing. Writers  often draw inspiration from the world around them,...

The exploitation of personal data on  the Internet  is a legitimate concern of Internet users. However, the sites must comply with certain regulations, which  are sometimes  unknown! spam Spam is an advertising e-mail often received by Internet users. In general, the...

Am I allowed to bet online? What  precautions  should be taken to be sure to remain legal? IS IT LEGAL? The law of May 12, 2010 authorizes three  new  types of games: sports betting, horse betting and poker. Lotteries and virtual slot machines remain prohibited. If...

Troubleshoot Connectivity! Any operator is required to provide you with the Internet speed   listed on your contract. In the event of a breach of this commitment, several remedies exist. Gather the evidence. Troubleshoot Connectivity! After noticing...

Existing rules and differentiation of periods The rules governing the speaking time of  presidential candidates  have undergone several distinctions and differentiations. The CSA (Higher Audiovisual Council), the French audiovisual regulatory authority  , previously...

At a time when Google has listed a  large  part of France in its famous Google Maps, it can happen that we find ourselves by chance on one of these  photographs  . Is it allowed? Can I request the removal of this photo, and how? Is it legal? The use of your photograph...

Everyone has the right to be  defended  , even if they don't have the financial means. Whether you are a defendant or plaintiff, find out how to assert your rights at a lower cost. WHAT DOES IT COVER? Legal aid allows those who do not have the  financial means  to be...

Information published on the Internet is difficult to control. How  to protect  your e-reputation ? Do we always have to react? Know what people are saying about you To protect your reputation on the Internet, you must first monitor what is being said about...

Social sharing! The principle of freedom of expression is a fundamental principle of law. But what about when it comes to the Internet? Can we say everything, and what do we risk? In reality, the penalties can be heavy… The principle of freedom Social sharing! Each of...

Dog Rules! Following several attacks involving so-called “dangerous” dogs, the courts have ruled. Which dogs are targeted? And what are the obligations of their masters? The "categories" of dogs Dog Rules! Since the law of January 6, 1999, two categories of dogs have...

Transactions carried out within international groups are governed by strict rules and must be precisely documented. In the event of breach of these rules, the tax administration systematically corrects the companies. What is this? Transfer prices are the prices of...

Of the various forms that corporate sponsorship can take, the very recent endowment fund is one of the least well known. Still, there is no shortage of benefits.   A FLEXIBLE SOLUTION, SUITABLE FOR ALL The endowment fund is a new legal form of patronage. It...